October 26, 2006

"De Minimising" De Marriage

Hatched by Dafydd

A commenter in an earlier post, arguing in favor of same-sex marriage (SSM) -- or at least against motions to prevent it, such as initiative constitutional amendments -- made the following argument, which is interesting and deserves response:

De minimis non curat lex. The law does not care about trifles. Massachusetts had less than 7,000 same-sex marriages in the first year, about 2/3 of them between women and mostly between people over 35. Massachusetts had less than 7,000 same-sex marriages in the first year, about 2/3 of them between women and mostly between people over 35. Even if that occurred in every state in te Union it would be statistically meaningless compared to, for example, the number of illegitimate children.

The rejoinder obvious: there are many things that happen rarely but still concern us greatly, including AIDS deaths, eminent-domain seizures for private purposes, and a soldier being awarded a Medal of Honor. Whether something is a "trifle" is not determined by the raw number of people directly involved, but the larger effect on society. So let's focus on the actual effect that widespread SSM would have on Western culture, let alone our country.

There is a rhetorical trick often used to dismiss, without response, an argument warning against some practice: one takes a bunch of connected events in isolation, arguing that each one -- by itself -- either isn't that bad or isn't very likely... while ignoring that the danger is in the concatenation of those events, not any specific one of them; and each makes the next more likely, so a static, discrete analysis is doubly wrongheaded. I call this intellectually dishonest trick rhetorical autism.

If there were some cosmic guarantee that opening up marriage to same-sex couples would never lead to any more changes, then I wouldn't particularly care. My goal is to insure the survival of marriage as a unique institution, one of the cornerstones of Western culture; and in this hypothetical, SSM would indeed be "de minimis."

But nobody can make any such guarantee; in fact, all the evidence points the other direction. The moment the courts legally dispense with the idea that marriage is a special, unique relationship between a man and a woman, expanding the definition of marriage to include other forms of relationship, then it becomes nothing but a mere legal contract between any group of people.

For example, a federal lawsuit is currently working its way through the courts (it's being considered by the Tenth Circus, I believe) that would, if the plaintiffs succeed, force states under that jurisdiction to allow polygamous marriage. They argue using the constitutional right of "privacy" (which I actually support), drawing upon the Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas (which I also support); the dispositive response, of course, is that marriage is not a "private act" but a public acclamation.

But they could also argue, and eventually some polygamist will, that polygamy is a right conferred by the 14th Amendment's requirement that "No state shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." They will argue that men who love two or more women are as much a group that needs protection as men who love other men or women who love other women.

Logically, if the argument is that any two people who love each other (or are "committed") have a "fundamental right to marry," as held by the 3 dissenters (just one shy of a majority!) in Lewis, the New Jersey case, then how can one argue, with a straight face, that three committed people don't have that same right?

As one polygamist puts it in the article:

His argument: if Heather can have two mommies, she should also be able to have two mommies and a daddy.

An opinion piece that argues against a causal link between legalizing SSM and legalizing polygamy is this by Marci Hamilton:

Shortly after Lawrence was decided, and also famously, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court - in Goodridge v. Dep't of Public Health -- held that it was a violation of the state constitution's equal protection guarantees to prohibit same-sex marriages. Federal and state equal protection guarantees, however, will not aid the polygamists. Anti-polygamy statutes draw the line at the number of spouses, not their characteristics or status. There is long-settled precedent that limiting the number of spouses does not violate any constitutional guarantee, nor should it.

While I applaud Hamilton's defense of traditional marriage, I think she is living in denial if she thinks that a court willing to accept the "equal protection" argument to require SSM would not also seriously consider the same argument to require polygamy. After all, we also had "long-settled precedent" that limiting marriage to opposite sex couples "does not violate any constitutional guarantee." That didn't stop the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from overturning those precedents in Goodridge.

The underlying argument was this:

  1. People cannot control to whom they're attracted;
  2. Thus, love arises from an uncontrollable characteristic that is basic to a person's identity;
  3. Therefore, it's just like race -- and the state cannot restrict marriage to opposite-sex couples.

The same structure can be used to declare that certain men have an "uncontrollable characteristic that is basic to their identity" that causes them to love more than one woman at the same time. A leftist court willing to accept the former may very well accept the latter; logic and rationality have nothing to do with it... politics trumps all.

And a more direct challenge: if any two committed people have a fundamental right to marry -- or even a 14th Amendment "equal protection" right -- then why can't a person marry his own sibling? Hamilton's argument doesn't even apply here, because the prohibition of incestuous marriage absolutely draws the line at the "characteristics or status" of those wanting to marry, not their number.

And if we allow SSM, polygamy, and consanguineous marriage, then we automatically have group marriage as well; and at that point, marriage, as a special institution, will cease to exist. Rather than a marriage, a union of opposites for the good of society, all we would have left is a legal construct between some number of people of any combination of genders... that is, marriage becomes nothing more than an LLC.

Given, for sake of argument, that SSM might lead to the end of marriage... why does that matter? Why should we have legal marriage at all? Isn't that just "privileging" one religious viewpoint above others, or above secularism? Many on the Left argue this point in all seriousness (which is why I believe that legalizing SSM will lead to serious litigation to overturn laws against polygamy and consanguineous marriage).

Society has a rational interest in preventing the further deterioration of traditional marriage, and even in reversing some of the deterioration that has already occurred (making divorce too easy an option, for example). All of the problems associated with modern marriage (cheating, abuse, neglect, breakup, serial meaningless marriages, and children being raised in a broken home) are tremendously compounded in every form of relationship other than traditional marriage.

I have argued many times before, citing evidence, that every child benefits most from having both a (male) father and a (female) mother; neither sex is expendable. Not every child has such a family; but there is no reason to increase that number by a willful act of defiance. If "committed same-sex unions" are to be treated exactly the same as marriage, however, that is exactly what will happen: if married families are not privileged in custody and adoption cases, then many more "Heathers" and "Hanks" will be adopted out, or sent into the custody of, families with no daddy.

After raising children, the second most important virtue of traditional marriage is that it brings about equality between the sexes. No other form of relationship does as much to promote sexual equality -- which means equality of women, since there has never been a culture in history where women had more rights than men (no, there never was a "prehistoric pan-European matriarchy").

Polygamy especially leads to the degradation of women, as we see in Moslem nations (and animist African nations) that allow it; but gay relationships damage such equality as well, because they isolate the sexes. Equality of women depends upon men, because men are on average physically stronger, more aggressive, dynamic, and violent; this doesn't make them better, but it does make them better able to seize control absent moral restraint.

Men must be persuaded of the moral rightness of equality; but when men are separated from women, they tend instead to become more misogynist. And women separated from men tend to be poor, because typically neither partner has the drive for success necessary to thrive economically. There are certainly exceptions, sometimes very big ones: Ellen DeGeneres and Anne Heche, for example. But that is the way to bet it, and you can even give odds.

Patterico is correct that the most invidious problem here is the abandonment of democracy in favor of judicial dictatorship; he opposes decisions like Lewis and Goodridge, even though he has no objection to SSM itself and has said he would vote for it if offered in a referendum. But I argue that there are sound and compelling reasons for society to reject SSM even when presented as a vote.

Traditional marriage long predates our ideas of individual liberty, moral equality among the races and sexes, modern capitalism ("trade" has always existed, but not capitalism), governance by the consent of the governed, and all the other elements of modern Western liberal democracy.

There is good reason to believe the relationship is causal: that all of these things flow from the various columns of the foundation of Western civilization... including traditional marriage, which pressures two very different kinds of people, a man and a woman, to join together to make decisions: in a polygamous marriage, if you're mad at one wife (or one husband in a polyandrous marriage), you can just "solve" that problem by cutting that person out of your life, even without divorce, and turning to another spouse within the marriage. But in monogamy, you're stuck with the one wife -- so you'd better learn to live with her.

(Two of the other load-bearing columns are ethical monotheism and universal justice, both of which Western civilization got from the Jews.)

Polygamy is much more akin to monarchy: with four or five or twelve wives but only one husband, no individual wife is worth much; the man makes all decisions... and if a wife doesn't like it, she can live isolated from the harem (but still trapped in the marriage), and the rest of the harem will get along just fine without her. Group relationships with multiple males and females inevitably break into warring cliques, as the "Live the Dream" crowd has found out.

I am absolutely unwilling to idly kick over the foundations of Western civilization, just to see what might happen. The trivial benefits -- if they exist at all -- are so "de minimis" themselves that they cannot possibly justify overturning the ancient institution of marriage.

Hatched by Dafydd on this day, October 26, 2006, at the time of 5:48 PM

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Comments

The following hissed in response by: nk

I'm honored. And touche'. I made the obverse de minimis argument myself against a bisexual law professor on another blog who wrote mockingly about "aping the model of the nuclear family". I told her that society had every right to write her off as "acceptable losses" meaning that she just was not that important to us.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 26, 2006 7:52 PM

The following hissed in response by: Dick E

Dafydd-

I agree with the thrust of your argument and the logical equivalence of SSM and polygamy. And I have no doubt that the legal argument you outline will be made.

I am less concerned that the legal argument will succeed. The reason is simple: Politics.

When judicial activists legislate from the bench on “human rights” issues, it is generally done in the cause of legitimating the current version of political correctness. That is clearly the case with SSM.

I find it hard to believe that there will be a wellspring of support for polygamy or that it will become a politically correct lifestyle in our lifetime or that of our grandchildren. The feminist lobby would never stand for it. (They certainly would be against polygyny. And that should make it hard for them to be ambivalent about polyandry.)

So a judge looking to remediate legislative oversights would be unlikely to add polygamy to the list of sordid activities made legal. But if a judge did rule in favor of polygamy, (s)he would probably be reversed on appeal in a New Amsterdam minute. And if not, laws or constitutional amendments overturning the ruling would pass in record time.

Most legislators understand that they ignore vox populi at their own peril. Judges sometimes answer to a higher calling: Their own egos.

The above hissed in response by: Dick E [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 26, 2006 10:05 PM

The following hissed in response by: Mr. Michael

I still think that the term "Holy Matrimony" should be pondered. Holy Matrimony is the joining of two souls in the eyes of God. Yes, it is recognized by the State for contractual and financial purposes, but it is not the State's recognition that makes a marriage between a man and a woman good for the child and for Western Civilization, or Civilization in general. It is the mindset of the parents. Joined souls in the eyes of God, living a life together in order to benefit the child. That civilization benefits is a nice side effect. Necessary even.

IF the State recognizes Same Sex Unions and Brother-Sister contracts and Polygamy etc, it does not follow that Americans who would otherwise be in man/woman Marriages will change the way they practice their own faiths. My parents (both sets, thank you) will still see their decisions as made in the pattern as laid out by their religions. They won't love each other less, or differently. If I marry, it will be to a opposite sex spouse, and we would (if I have my way) be married under the eyes of God, and raise a child in that family unit. I won't all of a sudden, for example, decide to have two wives, or allow another husband into our union.

I don't care if the State recognizes my Holy Matrimony at all; it's recognition has no effect on our potential family beyond the contractual... and that varies State to State, and Administration to Administration.

Stop a minute and think about what you are saying; You are arguing that marriage doesn't matter unless it is defined and accepted by the State... Well, in YOUR eyes, not mine. As long as the State allows me to practice my religion and it's practices, I don't care how others practice theirs.

The above hissed in response by: Mr. Michael [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 12:13 AM

The following hissed in response by: Dafydd ab Hugh

Mr. Michael:

I don't care if the State recognizes my Holy Matrimony at all; it's recognition has no effect on our potential family beyond the contractual... and that varies State to State, and Administration to Administration.

But you're not the problem, and neither am I. The problem occurs (as nearly always) at the margins.

It's a "hasty generalization" to argue that changing the marital laws would have no drastic effect on society because you personally are a moral enough person to do the right thing in spite of the law. You are not representative; there are plenty of people out there whose morality is, in fact, determined by the law.

If you loosen up the marital laws, more (not fewer) people will take advantage of them to abuse marriage for frivolous or criminal purposes. And more kids will grow up in suboptimal environments.

This will bring the institution into further disrepute, which will fuel more efforts to save it by widening it even more (in the name of those all-purpose panaceas "pluralism" and "tolerance"). In short order, marriage will mean as much in America as it does in countries like Sweden.

Dafydd

The above hissed in response by: Dafydd ab Hugh [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 12:55 AM

The following hissed in response by: Bill Faith

The above hissed in response by: Bill Faith [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 9:24 AM

The following hissed in response by: nk

"I don't care if the State recognizes my Holy Matrimony at all; it's recognition has no effect on our potential family beyond the contractual... and that varies State to State, and Administration to Administration."

Roughly sixteen years ago I told my father that I wanted to marry the woman who is now, and has been since then, my wife. He said "Why are you asking me?" I was taken aback and before I could answer he went on: "When I married your mother I did not ask anyone's permission. Not my father's, not my mother's, not my brothers'. The worst woman in the world for them could be the best woman in the world for you."

My father and Michael are right. The approval of the marriage contract whether by the state, relatives or neighbors is a very small part, if any, of the marriage. The marriage is the two.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 10:38 AM

The following hissed in response by: septagon

1. Marriage is a privilege not a right. A right is defined as something you can do yourself that harms no one’s person or property nor imposes any obligation on some one else’s person or property. Marriage does not fall into this category.

2. Insisting that Marriage is between a one man and one woman is not a violation of “equal protection” provided the law is applied equally to all genders, races, sexual orientations, and creeds. Homosexuals are not prevented by law from marrying some one of the opposite sex. They simply want more rights and privileges than are granted to everybody else.

3. Children need both a father and a mother

4. Homosexuality can only exist as long as Heterosexuality supports it. A purely homosexual culture cannot exist on its own. It will cease to exist after one generation. It does not enable a society to grow and expand thus it has been discouraged by laws and morals since the dawn of civilization.

The above hissed in response by: septagon [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 10:48 AM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Well, I certainly have had no greater privilege than my wife agreeing to marry me. Up to that point you are right, Septagon. But you are wrong, after that, if you imply that anyone other than God could have forbidden our marriage (we were man and woman, over 21 and not related). Do not think that Dafydd and I are all that far apart in our view of marriage. I consider it the most sacred social relationship too. And God help any government that dared label it a privilege and not a right. Certainly, no fascist or communist totalitarian government that I know of has dared to do so. My disagreement with Dafydd, as best as I can see, is that I do not think that extending the right to same-sex couples is bad for society and he does.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 27, 2006 4:52 PM

The following hissed in response by: septagon

nk,

You or any government can label it anything you want but it still does not change the fact that marriage is a privilege and not a right. The exercise of a right does not require the consent of some one else. Marriage clearly requires consent. Even in your own comment you considered it a great privilege to marry your wife once she gave her consent. What would have happened if she did not consent? Where would your “right” to marry her be then? Consent does not end with the person you are to marry. The church you marry in would have to give their consent as well as the State and Federal Government and finally there is God. Anyone one of these could have denied consent to your desire to marry the woman who was to become your wife. A right requires no consent. You have offered nothing in the form of an argument to counter this fact. While you are trying to argue that marriage is a right you could then explain why no culture, society, or civilization on the planet has ever sanctioned same sex marriage even when homosexuality was not frowned upon.

The above hissed in response by: septagon [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 28, 2006 2:23 PM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Septagon,

Rights can conflict. Or not. Rights can also be individual or collective. My individual right to marry my wife or not and her individual right to marry me or not did not conflict and together we met the requirements of society's collective right to regulate marriage. What's so hard?

You are changing the subject. I do not challenge society's collective right to regulate marriage. But with just as much legitimacy as Dafydd demanding that society does not exercise that collective right to allow polygamy, polyandry, incest or bestiality I ask that society not exercise that collective right to forbid two people of the same sex "to ape the model of the nuclear family".

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 28, 2006 6:39 PM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Correction: "[S]ociety's collective right to regulate marriage" should read "[S]ociety's collective right to a regulated marriage".

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 28, 2006 6:45 PM

The following hissed in response by: septagon

Rights do not conflict nor are rights ever collective. You have declined to put forth your own definition of rights and you have not challenged the definition I have put forth. Rights cannot conflict because by definition they do not. Conflicts occur when one party assumes more rights to themselves than they actually have. As a result governments, laws, and morals have been instituted among men to decide these issues. Collective rights do not exist. A collective can only derives its rights from the individuals that make up the collective therefore collective rights cannot exceed individual rights. The collective has no right to regulate rights
Since the individual does not have the right to marry the collective does not have the right to marry. Your wife gave her consent as well as the church, the State, the Federal government, and God. Rights do not require consent, but since marriage is a privilege the collective can and will deny or give consent. Your marriage imposes obligations upon the collective, which you have no right to impose unless consent is given. Marriage is a privilege.
I have not changed the subject but you have refused to put forth an argument or answer my queries. While I agree with Dafydd’s conclusion, I think that most of the same sex marriage discussion is flawed because it assumes marriage is a right. I do not allow that assumption and you have failed to defend it. You have thrown around the word “right” like so much candy on Halloween that it has no meaning in your comments. What do you consider a right and if it imposes an obligation upon others how do you justify that?

The above hissed in response by: septagon [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 29, 2006 2:14 PM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Septagon, follow me on this:

"Americans, as a free people, have the right to keep and bear arms".
Army and police, collective right.
Private citizen owning a gun for recreation or defense, individual right.
Society encouraging private gun ownership and training in the use thereof in order to have better soldiers when needed (examples: our Civilian Marksmanship Program or the nation of Switzerland), exercise of a collective right which necessarily implicates and is difficult to distinguish from an individual right.


"Rights don't conflict?" So I don't have a right to play my bagpipes? And you, my next-door neighbor, do not have a right not to be woken up by my bagpipe playing at 2:00 a.m.?

I must have missed your definition of rights even though I read your comment several times. It must be my poor eyesight. Anyway, here's one dictionary's: "A right is a power or liberty to which one is justly entitled, or a thing to which one has a just claim."

I suspect, however, that this discussion in noncupatory.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 29, 2006 9:10 PM

The following hissed in response by: Dafydd ab Hugh

Nk:

I suspect, however, that this discussion in noncupatory.

Nuncupatory? Only if you're reading it out loud!

Dafydd

The above hissed in response by: Dafydd ab Hugh [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 29, 2006 10:52 PM

The following hissed in response by: septagon

Nk,

The right to bear arms, the right to self-defense, and the right to maintain order are individual rights. The collective, i.e. the State and Federal Governments, derive their police powers and national defense authority from these individual rights. We as individuals in order to form a more perfect union have delegated these rights to the collective. These rights do not exist at the collective level, but they are actually derived from the individual.
You have a right to play your bagpipes anytime you want, but you do not have the right to disturb your neighbors regardless of the time of day. Not only is that inconsiderate it is against the law. The individual right to maintain order, which has been delegated to the police, will give you a citation for disturbing the peace. You have assumed more rights to yourself than you actually have. There is no conflict but in your own arrogance you have crossed the line and impinged upon some one else’s rights.
You do need your eyes check since I stated in my first comment: “A right is defined as something you can do yourself that harms no one’s person or property nor imposes any obligation on some one else’s person or property.” While the definition you cited is not as precise, my argument will work the same with either. Marriage is a privilege and not a right because it requires consent.

The above hissed in response by: septagon [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 30, 2006 6:20 AM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Dafydd,

Touche' again since I meant to write "noncupatory", without knowing precisely what it means, but having inferred from the context in which Jack Vance used it that it meant "getting us nowhere". I did not mean "noncupative" (obsolete variant of "nuncupative") because until prompted by your comment to go to an unabridged dictionary I did not know the meaning of that word either. Oxford -- Webster's did not have it. "Noncupatory" is not a word as far as both are concerned.

Septagon,

I really do have poor eyesight at close distances and it's my fault for refusing to wear reading glasses yet. My sarcasm was just as much self-deprecation but I apologize in any case. Our conversation is "nuncupative" since we disagree on the names we should give our concepts (I think). I don't know why our disagreement should be oral to be called nuncupative but before I challenge Dafydd, who makes his living with words, on this I will read the definition of "nuncupative" a few times more.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 30, 2006 10:53 AM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Progress (humiliation on my part). "Nuncupative" is a term of art in law: A nuncupative will -- spoken will -- as opposed to a written will. I should have known that.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 30, 2006 11:42 AM

The following hissed in response by: septagon

nk,

I would agree that discussions are fruitless if you cannot agree on the meaning of the terms used. This is why from my initial comment I defined what is a "right". I am certainly not original in this definition. I have relied on numerous sources for this meaning:
Second Treatise of Government,
Declaration of Independence,
Federialist Papers,
US Constitution,
Restoring the Lost Constitution,
The Quest for Cosmic Justice,
The Fatal Conceit: The Errors Of Socialism
etc...


The above hissed in response by: septagon [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 30, 2006 1:18 PM

The following hissed in response by: nk

Septagon, I have enjoyed our discussion but perhaps we can agree to disagree and allow our host's bandwidth to be used for a new subject. I apologize again for my sarcasm. It was not my middle-aged eyes but my middle-aged memory which made me miss your definition of rights in your first comment.

The above hissed in response by: nk [TypeKey Profile Page] at October 30, 2006 8:56 PM

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